Mineral Spirits Vs Mineral Oil: A Detailed Comparison

Last Updated on December 30, 2023 by Ernest Godia

At first glance, mineral oil and mineral spirits might seem like twins separated at birth. They come from petroleum, share a similar name, and appear clear and liquid in the bottle. But don’t let their superficial resemblance fool you – these two substances are about as different as chalk and cheese, with distinct properties and purposes.

The difference between mineral spirits and mineral oil can significantly influence which product to use in your next DIY project.

So, this guide discusses mineral spirits vs mineral oil, detailing their key differences and uses to eliminate any mix-ups. 

We also look at the individual characteristics of each substance to help you better understand why they are suitable for their respective uses. 

What are mineral spirits? 

Mineral spirits, also known as white spirits or mineral turpentine, are a type of solvent used primarily as a thinner for oil-based paints, cleaning greasy or oily surfaces, and degreasing machinery. 

They evaporate relatively quickly and are known for their ability to dissolve oils, greases, and other substances.

In more technical terms, mineral spirits are a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons with ring-shaped structures containing carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Properties of mineral spirits 

• Mineral spirits are colorless with a strong petroleum odor
• They are thin liquids
• They evaporate quickly
• They are insoluble in water
• They are flammable and toxic

Mineral spirits pros and cons 

While mineral spirits have tons of valuable uses, they have their fair share of limitations. Let’s weigh their pros and cons to understand their strengths and weaknesses. 

Pros:

• Effective cleaner: Dissolves oil-based paints, varnishes, and grime, making it ideal for degreasing and removing stubborn stains.
• Paint thinner: Adjusts the consistency of oil-based paints for smoother application and spraying.
• Versatile: Useful for thinning wood stains, cleaning tools, and even removing adhesives.
• Fast evaporation: Dries quickly, reducing project downtime.

Cons:

• Strong odor: The petroleum smell can be unpleasant and irritating.
• Flammable: Requires careful handling and storage away from heat sources.
• Toxic fumes: Inhalation can cause respiratory problems and headaches. Proper ventilation and protective gear are essential.
• Harsh on some surfaces: Can damage latex paint, rubber, and certain plastics.
• Not food-safe: Avoid contact with food and food preparation surfaces.

What is mineral oil? 

Mineral oil is a colorless and odorless liquid derived from petroleum. It’s commonly used in cosmetics, skincare products, pharmaceuticals, and as a lubricant for various machinery and equipment. 

Mineral oil is not as volatile as mineral spirits and is known for its ability to moisturize and protect the skin.

To put it more technically, mineral oil is a mixture of alkanes, which are saturated hydrocarbons with straight chains of carbon atoms.

Properties of mineral oil 

• Mineral oil is colorless and odorless
• Mineral oil is a viscous liquid
• Mineral oil does not evaporate easily
• It is insoluble in water
• It is food-safe

Mineral oil pros and cons 

Like mineral spirits, mineral oil has its strengths and limitations. Let’s take a look.

Pros of mineral oil:

• Safe and gentle: Food-grade varieties are safe for use on skin, wood, and even cutting boards.
• Odorless and colorless: Doesn’t add any smell or change the appearance of treated materials.
• Lubricating properties: Protects tools, machinery, and wood from wear and tear.
• Water-resistant: Helps wood preserve its natural beauty and repel moisture.
• Laxative properties: Though rarely used now, mineral oil can be helpful for occasional constipation relief.

Cons of mineral oil:

• Poor dissolving power: Doesn’t dissolve oil-based substances like paints and varnishes.
• Slow evaporation: It takes longer to dry, which can extend project timelines.
• Not appropriate for all surfaces: May stain fabrics and certain woods.
• Ingestion can cause adverse effects: Keep out of reach of children and pets as ingestion in large quantities can be harmful. 

What is the difference between mineral spirits and mineral oil?

Mineral Oil is a food-safe oil and is often sold in grocery stores and pharmacies. It is used often on salad bowls and butcher blocks as a finish. Mineral Spirits, on the other hand, are a type of thinner for finishes—and are not food-safe

In essence, mineral spirits are solvents primarily used for industrial and cleaning purposes and thinning paints, while mineral oil is a non-drying oil used in cosmetics, medicine, and as a lubricant or laxative.

Mineral Spirits Vs Mineral Oil Side-by-Side Comparison 

Mineral spirits and mineral oil are both derived from petroleum, but they are very different substances with distinct uses. The two substances serve different purposes due to their different chemical compositions and properties.

Here’s a breakdown of the key differences and similarities between mineral spirits and mineral oil. 

1. Chemical composition

Both mineral oil and mineral spirits are derived from the fractional distillation of crude oil but have different chemical compositions.

Mineral oil is a cocktail of alkanes and hydrocarbons with straight chains of carbon atoms. It is mainly composed of long-chain alkanes with little or no aromatic compounds. This composition contributes to its inert and non-reactive nature, making it suitable for various applications such as skin care, pharmaceuticals, and lubrication.

In contrast, mineral spirits are composed of aromatic hydrocarbons, ring-shaped structures with carbon and hydrogen atoms holding hands.

They are typically mixtures of various chemicals, such as petroleum distillates, often containing alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. These compounds give mineral spirits their ability to dissolve oils, greases, and other substances.

2. Appearance and Viscosity 

Mineral oil is generally colorless, odorless, and viscous (flows slowly). Think honey but without the golden tint! The viscosity of mineral oil can range from relatively thin, like a light oil, to more viscous forms depending on the specific grade or application.

Mineral spirits, on the other hand, are colorless or slightly cloudy but transparent, with a strong petroleum odor. They have a thin consistency and evaporate pretty quickly. 

Mineral spirits can vary in color from colorless to light yellow. Their viscosity tends to be relatively low, similar to that of water, making them flow easily and evaporate relatively quickly.

3. Mineral spirits vs mineral oil: Common uses 

Mineral oil is commonly used in cosmetic and medical products and for lubrication purposes. It is known for its ability to moisturize and protect the skin and is found in various skincare products like lotions, creams, and ointments. 

Mineral oil is also used as a laxative and for preserving wooden cutting boards or utensils. Here is a summary list of mineral oil uses: 

• Laxative: Though rarely used now, its smooth flow helps things move along.
• Baby oil: Gentle and moisturizing for delicate skin.
• Lubricant: Keeps machinery running smoothly.
• Cutting oil: Cools and lubricates during metalworking.
• Food-grade lubricant: Safe for machinery in contact with food.
• Wood preservative: Protects wood from moisture and decay.

Mineral spirits, on the other hand, are solvents used for thinning oil-based paints, cleaning paintbrushes, and degreasing machinery. 

They are volatile and often used in the paint industry and for various cleaning purposes due to their ability to dissolve oils, greases, and other substances. Here is a summary list of the uses of mineral spirits: 

• Paint thinner: Dilutes oil-based paints for easier application.
• Degreaser: Cuts through grease and grime on surfaces.
• Cleaning solvent: Removes paint, varnish, and other residues.
• Wood stain thinner: Adjusts the consistency of wood stains.

4. Mineral Spirits Vs Mineral Oil: Solubility  

Both mineral oil and mineral spirits are insoluble in water. However, that is as far as the similarity in solubility goes.

Mineral oil is viscous, so it flows slowly and doesn’t evaporate easily. It also prefers its own company, so it stays put and is never used as a solvent.

In comparison, mineral spirits have a thin consistency and readily dissolve oil-based substances like paints and varnishes. This property makes mineral spirits the go-to solvent for dissolving and thinning oil-based substances like paints and varnishes.

Their ability to dissolve oil-based substances also makes them perfect for cleaning brushes and degreasing surfaces.

5. Toxicity and safety 

Mineral oil is generally safe, but large amounts can cause diarrhea. Its food-safe property makes it a popular treatment for food-handling items like wooden bowls and cutting boards.

In contrast, mineral spirits are flammable and toxic, so keep them away from open flames and wear gloves and eye protection when using them. They’re definitely not the type you’d invite to dinner. 

Wearing gloves and eye protection is recommended when using mineral spirits because they emit noxious fumes that can harm your health when inhaled. Also, mineral spirits require proper disposal at hazardous waste facilities to avoid contaminating the environment or creating a fire hazard.

6. Cost and availability 

Mineral spirits are relatively cheaper and more accessible for industrial purposes than mineral oil, which is often more expensive due to its refined quality.

Here’s a table summarizing the key differences between mineral oil and mineral spirits.

FAQs about Mineral Spirits vs Mineral Oil

Here are some of the questions people frequently ask about mineral spirits vs mineral oil. 

Are mineral spirits and mineral oil the same thing?

No, though their names are confusingly similar, mineral spirits and mineral oil are distinct substances with very different properties and uses. Mineral oil is primarily a lubricant and food-grade oil, while mineral spirits are a powerful solvent and paint thinner.

What is the chemical difference between mineral spirits and mineral oil?

Mineral oil is made of alkanes and hydrocarbons with straight carbon chains, while mineral spirits are composed of aromatic hydrocarbons with ring-shaped structures. This slight difference impacts their properties significantly.

Can I use mineral oil as a paint thinner?

No, mineral oil will not effectively thin oil-based paints and may even damage the finish. Instead, use mineral spirits for thinning paints and cleaning brushes.

What are the common uses of mineral spirits?

Mineral spirits are typically used for cleaning paint brushes, thinning oil-based paints, degreasing surfaces, and removing adhesives.

What are the common uses of mineral oil?

Mineral oil has various applications, including lubricating tools and machinery, preserving wood, protecting cutting boards, and even acting as a gentle laxative (though rarely used nowadays).

Are there any eco-friendly alternatives to mineral oil and mineral spirits?

Yes, several eco-friendly alternatives exist for both mineral spirits and mineral oil. For cleaning, citrus-based solvents are less toxic and have a pleasant smell, making them an excellent mineral spirits substitute. For lubrication and wood preservation, vegetable oils can be used.

How should I properly dispose of leftover mineral spirits and mineral oil?

Never pour mineral spirits and mineral oil down the drain. Dispose of them responsibly at hazardous waste facilities, following local regulations.

Mineral Spirits Vs Mineral Oil: Key Takeaway

So, the next time you reach for mineral spirits or mineral oil, remember – the name is just a coincidence. Mineral oil and mineral spirits are as different as oil and water. Use the guidelines in this write-up to choose the right one for your next DIY project.

Remember:

• Choose mineral oil for lubrication, preserving wood surfaces, and gentle skin care.
• Choose mineral spirits for cleaning, thinning paints, and degreasing surfaces.

We hope this article has shed some light on the often-confused world of mineral oil vs mineral spirits. Drop us a comment to let us know about your experience with either substance or share your thoughts on mineral spirits vs mineral oil.